The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection Or, the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life, 6th Edition

Until recently the great majority of naturalists believed that species were immutable productions, and had been separately created.

直到最近，大多数自然学家都认为物种是不可改变的产物，并且是被分别创造的。

Aristotle, in his “Physicæ Auscultationes” (lib.2, cap.8, s.2), after remarking that rain does not fall in order to make the corn grow, any more than it falls to spoil the farmer’s corn when threshed out of doors, applies the same argument to organisation; and adds (as translated by Mr. Clair Grece, who first pointed out the passage to me), “So what hinders the different parts (of the body) from having this merely accidental relation in nature? as the teeth, for example, grow by necessity, the front ones sharp, adapted for dividing, and the grinders flat, and serviceable for masticating the food; since they were not made for the sake of this, but it was the result of accident.”

亚里士多德在他的《物理学听讲》（第2卷，第8章，第2节）中评论道，雨不是为了使庄稼生长而下，就像它也不是为了在户外打谷时毁坏农夫的谷物而下一样，他将同样的论证应用于生物组织，并补充说（由克莱尔·格雷斯先生翻译，是他首次向我指出这一段），‘那么，有什么能阻止身体的不同部分在自然界中仅仅具有这种偶然的关系呢？例如牙齿，它们的生长是出于必然，门牙尖锐，适合切割，而臼齿扁平，适合咀嚼食物；因为它们并不是为了这个目的而生成的，而是偶然的结果。’