Complete Works of Plutarch — Volume 3: Essays and Miscellanies

Name: Complete Works of Plutarch — Volume 3: Essays and Miscellanies
Author: Plutarch

Plutarch

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Plutarch · 共 77 章

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Now what occurred to me then to say against him, in the defence of those philosophers, hath been already put into writing by me.
当时我想对他说什么来反对他，为那些哲学家辩护，我已经写下来了。
For emulation can never enter that godlike consort, nor such fretfulness as wants resolution to conceal its own resentments.
因为竞争永远不会进入那个神圣的伴侣中，也不会有那种焦虑，它缺乏决心去隐藏自己的怨恨。

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Book I.试读
Chapter I. WHAT IS NATURE?
Chapter II. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A PRINCIPLE AND AN ELEMENT?
Chapter III. WHAT ARE PRINCIPLES?
Chapter IV. HOW WAS THIS WORLD COMPOSED IN THAT ORDER AND AFTER THAT MANNER IT IS?
Chapter VI. WHENCE DID MEN OBTAIN THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE EXISTENCE AND ESSENCE OF A DEITY?
Chapter VII. WHAT IS GOD?
Chapter VIII. OF THOSE THAT ARE CALLED GENIUSES AND HEROES
Matter is that first being which is substrate for generation, corruption, and all other alterations.
An idea is a being incorporeal, not subsisting by itself, but gives figure unto shapeless matter, and becomes the cause of its phenomena.
A cause is that by which anything is produced, or by which anything is effected.
Chapter XII. OF BODIES
Chapter XIII. OF THOSE THINGS THAT ARE LEAST IN NATURE
Color is the visible quality of a body.
Chapter XVI. OF THE DIVISION OF BODIES
Chapter XVII. HOW BODIES ARE MIXED AND CONTEMPERATED ONE WITH ANOTHER
Chapter XVIII. OF A VACUUM
Chapter XIX. OF PLACE
Chapter XX. OF SPACE
Chapter XXI. OF TIME
Chapter XXII. OF THE SUBSTANCE AND NATURE OF TIME
Chapter XXIII. OF MOTION
Chapter XXIV. OF GENERATION AND CORRUPTION
Chapter XXV. OF NECESSITY
Chapter XXVI. OF THE NATURE OF NECESSITY
Chapter XXVII. OF DESTINY OR FATE
Chapter XXVIII. OF THE NATURE OF FATE
Chapter XXIX. OF FORTUNE
Chapter XXX. OF NATURE
Book II.
Chapter I. OF THE WORLD
Chapter II. OF THE FIGURE OF THE WORLD
Chapter III. WHETHER THE WORLD BE AN ANIMAL
Chapter IV. WHETHER THE WORLD IS ETERNAL AND INCORRUPTIBLE
Chapter V. WHENCE DOES THE WORLD RECEIVE ITS NUTRIMENT?
Chapter VI. FROM WHAT ELEMENT GOD DID BEGIN TO RAISE THE FABRIC OF THE WORLD
Chapter VII. IN WHAT FORM AND ORDER THE WORLD WAS COMPOSED
Chapter VIII. WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF THE WORLD'S INCLINATION
Chapter IX. OF THAT THING WHICH IS BEYOND THE WORLD, AND WHETHER IT BE A VACUUM OR NOT
Chapter X. WHAT PARTS OF THE WORLD ARE ON THE RIGHT HAND, AND WHAT ON THE LEFT
Chapter XI. OF HEAVEN, WHAT IS ITS NATURE AND ESSENCE
Chapter XII. INTO HOW MANY CIRCLES IS THE HEAVEN DISTINGUISHED; OR, OF THE DIVISION OF HEAVEN
Chapter XIII. WHAT IS THE ESSENCE OF THE STARS, AND HOW THEY ARE COMPOSED
Chapter XIV. OF WHAT FIGURE THE STARS ARE
Chapter XV. OF THE ORDER AND PLACE OF THE STARS
Chapter XVI. OF THE MOTION AND CIRCULATION OF THE STARS
Chapter XVII. WHENCE DO THE STARS RECEIVE THEIR LIGHT?
Chapter XVIII. WHAT ARE THOSE STARS WHICH ARE CALLED THE DIOSCURI, THE TWINS, OR CASTOR AND POLLUX?
Chapter XIX. HOW STARS PROGNOSTICATE, AND WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF WINTER AND SUMMER
Chapter XX. OF THE ESSENCE OF THE SUN
Chapter XXI. OF THE MAGNITUDE OF THE SUN
Chapter XXII. WHAT IS THE FIGURE OR SHAPE OF THE SUN
Chapter XXIII. OF THE TURNING AND RETURNING OF THE STARS, OR THE SUMMER AND WINTER SOLSTICE
Chapter XXIV. OF THE ECLIPSE OF THE SUN
Chapter XXV. OF THE ESSENCE OF THE MOON
Chapter XXVIII. FROM WHENCE IS IT THAT THE MOON RECEIVES HER LIGHT?
Chapter XXIX. OF THE ECLIPSE OF THE MOON
Chapter XXX. OF THE PHASES OF THE MOON, OR THE LUNAR ASPECTS; OR HOW IT COMES TO PASS THAT THE MOON APPEARS TO US TERRESTRIAL
Chapter XXXI. HOW FAR THE MOON IS REMOVED FROM THE SUN
Chapter XXXII. OF THE YEAR, AND HOW MANY CIRCULATIONS MAKE UP THE GREAT YEAR OF EVERY PLANET
Book III.
Chapter I. OF THE GALAXY, OR THE MILKY WAY
Chapter II. OF COMETS AND SHOOTING FIRES, AND THOSE WHICH RESEMBLE BEAMS
Chapter III. OF VIOLENT ERUPTION OF FIRE OUT OF THE CLOUDS. OF LIGHTNING. OF THUNDER. OF HURRICANES. OF WHIRLWINDS
Chapter IV. OF CLOUDS, RAIN, SNOW, AND HAIL
Chapter V. OF THE RAINBOW
Chapter VI. OF METEORS WHICH RESEMBLE RODS, OR OF RODS
Chapter VII. OF WINDS
Chapter VIII. OF WINTER AND SUMMER
Chapter IX. OF THE EARTH, WHAT IS ITS NATURE AND MAGNITUDE
Chapter X. OF THE FIGURE OF THE EARTH
Chapter XI. OF THE SITE AND POSITION OF THE EARTH
Chapter XII. OF THE INCLINATION OF THE EARTH
Chapter XIII. OF THE MOTION OF THE EARTH
Chapter XIV. INTO HOW MANY ZONES IS THE EARTH DIVIDED?
Chapter XV. OF EARTHQUAKES
Chapter XVI. OF THE SEA, AND HOW IT IS COMPOSED, AND HOW IT BECOMES TO THE TASTE BITTER
Chapter XVII. OF TIDES, OR OF THE EBBING AND FLOWING OF THE SEA
Chapter XVIII. OF THE AUREA, OR A CIRCLE ABOUT A STAR
Chapter I. OF THE OVERFLOWING OF THE NILE
Chapter II. OF THE SOUL
Chapter III. WHETHER THE SOUL BE A BODY, AND WHAT IS THE NATURE AND ESSENCE OF IT
Chapter IV. OF THE PARTS OF THE SOUL
Chapter V. WHAT IS THE PRINCIPAL PART OF THE SOUL, AND IN WHAT PART OF THE BODY IT RESIDES
Chapter VI. OF THE MOTION OF THE SOUL
Chapter VII. OF THE SOUL'S IMMORTALITY
Chapter VIII. OF THE SENSES, AND OF THOSE THINGS WHICH ARE OBJECTS OF THE SENSES,
Chapter IX. WHETHER WHAT APPEARS TO OUR SENSES AND IMAGINATIONS BE TRUE OR NOT
Chapter X. HOW MANY SENSES ARE THERE?
Chapter XI. HOW THE ACTIONS OF THE SENSES, THE CONCEPTIONS OF OUR MINDS, AND THE HABIT OF OUR REASON ARE FORMED
Chapter XII. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IMAGINATION [GREEK OMITTED], THE IMAGINABLE [GREEK OMITTED], FANCY [GREEK OMITTED], AND PHANTOM [GREEK
Chapter XIII. OF OUR SIGHT, AND BY WHAT MEANS WE SEE
Chapter XIV. OF THOSE IMAGES WHICH ARE PRESENTED TO OUR EYES IN MIRRORS
Chapter XV. WHETHER DARKNESS CAN BE VISIBLE TO US
Chapter XVI. OF HEARING
Chapter XVII. OF SMELLING
Chapter XVIII. OF TASTE
Chapter XIX. OF THE VOICE
Chapter XX. WHETHER THE VOICE IS INCORPOREAL. WHAT IS IT THAT THE GIVES ECHO?
Chapter XXI. BY WHAT MEANS THE SOUL IS SENSIBLE, AND WHAT IS THE PRINCIPAL AND COMMANDING PART OF IT
Chapter XXII. OF RESPIRATION OR BREATHING
Chapter XXIII. OF THE PASSIONS OF THE BODY, AND WHETHER THE SOUL HATH A SYMPATHETICAL CONDOLENCY WITH IT
Chapter I. OF DIVINATION
Chapter II. WHENCE DREAMS DO ARISE
Chapter III. OF THE NATURE OF GENERATIVE SEED
Chapter IV. WHETHER THE SPERM BE A BODY
Chapter V. WHETHER WOMEN DO GIVE A SPERMATIC EMISSION AS MEN DO
Chapter VI. HOW IT IS THAT CONCEPTIONS ARE MADE
Chapter VII. AFTER WHAT MANNER MALES AND FEMALES ARE GENERATED
Chapter VIII. BY WHAT MEANS IT IS THAT MONSTROUS BIRTHS ARE EFFECTED
Chapter IX. HOW IT COMES TO PASS THAT A WOMAN'S TOO FREQUENT CONVERSATION WITH A MAN HINDERS CONCEPTION
Chapter X. WHENCE IT IS THAT ONE BIRTH GIVES TWO OR THREE CHILDREN
Chapter XI. WHENCE IT IS THAT CHILDREN REPRESENT THEIR PARENTS AND PROGENITORS
Chapter XII. HOW IT COMES TO PASS THAT CHILDREN HAVE A GREATER SIMILITUDE WITH STRANGERS THAN WITH THEIR PARENTS
Chapter XIII. WHENCE ARISETH BARRENNESS IN WOMEN, AND IMPOTENCY IN MEN?
Chapter XIV. HOW IT ARISES THAT MULES ARE BARREN
Chapter XV. WHETHER THE INFANT IN THE MOTHER'S WOMB BE AN ANIMAL
Chapter XVI. HOW EMBRYOS ARE NOURISHED, OR HOW THE INFANT IN THE BELLY RECEIVES ITS ALIMENT
Chapter XVII. WHAT PART OF THE BODY IS FIRST FORMED IN THE WOMB
Chapter XVIII. WHENCE IS IT THAT INFANTS BORN IN THE SEVENTH MONTH ARE BORN ALIVE
Chapter XIX. OF THE GENERATION OF ANIMALS, HOW ANIMALS ARE BEGOTTEN, AND WHETHER THEY ARE OBNOXIOUS TO CORRUPTION
Chapter XX. HOW MANY SPECIES OF ANIMALS THERE ARE, AND WHETHER ALL ANIMALS HAVE THE ENDOWMENTS OF SENSE AND REASON
Chapter XXI. WHAT TIME IS REQUIRED TO SHAPE THE PARTS OF ANIMALS IN THE WOMB
Chapter XXII. OF WHAT ELEMENTS EACH OF THE MEMBERS OF US MEN IS COMPOSED
Chapter XXIII. WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF SLEEP AND DEATH?
Chapter XXIV. WHEN AND FROM WHENCE THE PERFECTION OF A MAN COMMENCES
Chapter XXV. WHETHER SLEEP OR DEATH APPERTAINS TO THE SOUL OR BODY
Chapter XXVI. HOW PLANTS INCREASE
Chapter XXVII. OF NUTRITION AND GROWTH
Chapter XXVIII. WHENCE IT IS THAT IN ANIMALS THERE ARE APPETITES AND PLEASURES
Chapter XXIX. WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF A FEVER, OR WHETHER IT IS AN AFFECTION OF THE BODY ANNEXED TO A PRIMARY PASSION
Chapter XXX. OF HEALTH, SICKNESS, AND OLD AGE
Pinder's Caeneus hath been taken to task by several, for being improbably feigned, impenetrable by steel and impassible in his body, and so
Book 1.
Book II.
Book III.
Book IV.
What is your opinion at present, Sossius Senecio, of the pleasures of mind and body, is not evident to me;
Book VI.
Book VII.
Book VIII.
Book IX.
LAMPRIAS, DIADUMENUS
CONTRADICTIONS OF THE STOICS.
THE EATING OF FLESH.
CONCERNING FATE.
AGAINST COLOTES, THE DISCIPLE AND FAVORITE OF EPICURUS.
PLATONIC QUESTIONS.
THE LIFE AND POETRY OF HOMER
THE SEVEN,—SOLON, DIAS, THALES, ANACHARSIS, CLEOBULUS, PITTACUS, CHILO.
ABSTRACT OF A COMPARISON BETWEEN ARISTOPHANE AND MENANDER
THE MALICE OF HERODOTUS.
Abuse of and by one's enemies.